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Quick Takes

Climate Summit Leaders Set Out Largest Emissions Cut Since 2015

Source: CAIT, Climate Action Tracker, Marsh McLennan Advantage

Note: 34 parties including the U.S. were analyzed from the 40 World Leaders invited to the Leaders Summit on Climate. Leaders from the European Commission, European Council, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain were aggregated into one party—the “European Union”—for analysis. Total emissions data from 2018 was used and includes Land use, land-use change, and forestry (LUCF) and all greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2, F-Gas, N2O, etc.). Other parties not listed make up 1.9% of global emissions including, Chile, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Norway, Israel, Kenya, Gabon, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Singapore, Bhutan, Marshall Islands. The horizontal length of each region in the chart represents the share of total emissions of participants.

The Climate Leaders Summit last week set out the single biggest reduction in the global emissions gap since Paris, shaving off around two gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent from 2030 emissions. (See footnotes 3 and 4 below.) Nevertheless, the emissions gap remains enormous — with around 29 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent left to address before the world can be on a 1.5 degree-Celsius pathway.

The summit’s participants are responsible for 81% of global emissions, with the 10 largest emitters accounting for two-thirds of the global total. Their key objective was to announce revised 2030 emissions reduction targets ahead of COP26.

Of those attending, the U.S., Canada and Japan announced new 2030 targets. The U.S. pledged to reduce emissions by 50-52% below 2005 levels by 2030 and is responsible for almost 80% of the combined 2030 savings pledged at the summit.

1. Announced plans to strengthen NDC at Leaders Summit on Climate. 2. Strengthened or announced plans to strengthen NDC before the Summit. 3. For the calculation of US emission savings, we assumed for the baseline, the emissions reduction trend from 2025 to 2030 would have been a continuation of the 2005-2025 trend. 4. For countries which proposed a new emissions reduction target range, the midpoint was used.

 

When It Comes to AI in Daily Life, Americans Are More Concerned Than Excited

Even before ChatGPT burst onto the scene and into the collective conversation, artificial intelligence has been ubiquitous for anyone connected to the internet. A recent survey from Pew shows how people feel about using AI in their daily life.

The survey found that 38% of respondents said they were more concerned than excited about AI’s increased use in daily life, while only 15% said they were mostly excited. The largest share of people, 46%, said they were equally concerned and excited. 

The survey also revealed a disconnect between people’s general awareness of AI in their daily lives and their understanding of how it actually is being used. Americans can correctly identify common activities that rely on some form of AI — from product recommendations you see online to music recommendations to wearable devices that analyze exercise and sleep patterns. But only three-in-10 were able to correctly identify all the uses of AI asked about in the survey (there were six total scenarios). 

How Much Growth Potential Is There in the Metaverse?

For all its hype, the Metaverse has yet to live up to its potential. Even though it’s still evolving, businesses are seeking to understand the opportunities in this digital future. 

A new report by Statista reveals what growth in the Metaverse could look like over the next decade. According to the analysis in its Advertising & Media Markets Insights, a conservative scenario forecasts 15% of the digital economy shifting to the Metaverse, while a more optimistic view has it around 35%.   

Also in the report: the largest segments in terms of revenue in 2030 will be gaming ($163 billion) and e-commerce ($201 billion). By then, the metaverse’s reach is projected to be 700 million people, worldwide. 

China’s Official Count of COVID Deaths Differs From What Many Experts Estimate

In February, China declared a “decisive victory” for its handling of COVID, citing its low mortality rate when compared to other countries. An official count from the government puts the total death toll at 83,150 (as of Feb. 9), which would give China the lowest death rate per capita of any other major country: six deaths per 100,000 people, compared to the U.S.’s 337 and the U.K.’s 307. 

But researchers who have been studying the pandemic say that China has vastly undercounted its deaths from the disease. Reporting from the New York Times rounded up four separate academic studies looking at China’s most recent COVID wave that accelerated after the government relaxed its Zero-COVID restrictions in December. They all pointed to similar results: That wave may have killed between one million and 1.5 million people.

While there is no way to confirm China’s official count, researchers say that the way officials counted deaths was incomplete as it only accounted for those who died in the hospital, not those who died at home. Noting gaps in the data, many epidemiologists, such as those from Fudan University in Shanghai, developed models based on previous outbreaks to determine how the virus might spread across China’s population.  

“If the data say what we think they say, this was an explosive wave,” Lauren Ancel Meyers, a professor of biology and statistics at the University of Texas at Austin, told The New York Times.

Despite Forming New Trade Area, Intra-Continental Trade Still Low in Africa 

When Africa created the world’s largest trading area — the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) — in January 2021, it set out to stimulate intra-regional trade and strengthen African economies. Participants hoped to boost intra-African trade by around 40%.  

But the continent is still a long way from achieving its potential when compared to other regions’ internal trading numbers. According to the most recent Ibrahim Index of African Governance, most African countries mainly trade outside of the region. Only five African countries do most of their trading in Africa: Mali, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Lesotho.

Intra-continental trade only constitutes around 12% of Africa’s total trade, compared to 66.9% in Europe, 63.8% in Asia, and 44.4% in the Americas.

The report underscores the importance of this trade agreement as a mechanism to bolster Africa’s resilience: “The dependence on external markets leaves the continent highly exposed to crises and shocks in other parts of the world, as showcased by the impact of COVID-19 and the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war.”

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